Correct Option
The correct option is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
Explanation
Electric current produces various effects depending on the nature of the component through which it passes. These include the heating effect, magnetic effect, and chemical effect. Different electrical devices utilize these specific principles for their operation.
Component-wise Analysis
- A. Electric Fuse (Matches with 4): An electric fuse is a safety device used in electrical circuits to protect against overcurrent. It operates on the heating effect of electric current. The fuse wire is made of a material with a low melting point; if the current exceeds a safe limit, the heat generated melts the wire, breaking the circuit and preventing damage.
- B. Electric Bell (Matches with 1): An electric bell functions based on the magnetic effect of electric current. It contains an electromagnet (a coil of wire wound around a soft iron core) that creates a magnetic field when current flows, attracting an armature to strike the gong.
- C. Electric Iron (Matches with 2): An electric iron is a household appliance designed to utilize the heating effect of electric current. It contains a heating element (typically made of Nichrome) which has high resistance. When current passes through it, electrical energy is converted into heat energy (Joule heating).
- D. Electric Cell (Matches with 3): An electric cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It acts as a source of electric current in a circuit by maintaining a potential difference across its terminals.
Key Takeaway
Applications of Current Effects:
- Heating Effect: Used in appliances like irons, heaters, and safety devices like fuses.
- Magnetic Effect: Used in devices like electric bells, motors, and loudspeakers.
- Chemical/Source: Cells and batteries provide the electromotive force (EMF) to drive current.