The correct Answer is A
Explanation
This question requires matching environmental problems with their corresponding mitigation strategies. Each problem represents a distinct environmental challenge, and the solutions are designed to address the root causes or impacts of these issues.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Ozone depletion - 3. Freezing/Phasing out production of ODS
Correct. Ozone depletion is primarily caused by Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. The most effective strategy to combat ozone depletion is to reduce and eventually eliminate the production and consumption of these substances, as mandated by international agreements like the Montreal Protocol.
- B. Pesticide residues in food - 2. Reducing intake through curbing sources and use
Correct. Pesticide residues in food pose health risks. The most direct way to reduce human intake is by controlling the sources (e.g., agricultural application) and limiting the use of harmful pesticides, promoting integrated pest management, and ensuring proper washing of produce.
- C. Non-biodegradable waste - 4. Avoiding materials not broken down by decomposers
Correct. Non-biodegradable waste, such as plastics, persists in the environment for long periods because natural decomposers cannot break them down. A key strategy to manage this problem is to avoid the use of such materials, promote recycling, and develop biodegradable alternatives.
- D. Top-soil loss - 1. Avoid mass scaling of soil-intensive alternatives
Correct. Top-soil loss, or soil erosion, is a significant environmental problem affecting agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. While "avoid mass scaling of soil-intensive alternatives" might seem indirect, it refers to practices that prevent large-scale disturbance or overuse of soil, which can lead to erosion. More broadly, strategies include afforestation, contour ploughing, terracing, and reducing deforestation. The given option implies a shift away from practices that heavily degrade soil.
Key Takeaway
Environmental problems require specific, targeted mitigation strategies that address their underlying causes, such as phasing out harmful chemicals for ozone depletion, controlling sources for pesticide residues, avoiding persistent materials for non-biodegradable waste, and implementing sustainable land management practices for top-soil loss.