Correct Option
The correct option is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Explanation
The Northern Plains of India are divided into four distinct zones based on variations in relief and the nature of deposition. From north to south, these zones are the Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, and Khadar.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Bhabar (Matches 1): This is a narrow belt ranging between 8 to 10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills. As rivers descend from the mountains, they deposit heavy materials like rocks and pebbles in this zone. Due to the high porosity of the pebble bed, streams disappear in this region.
- B. Terai (Matches 2): Lying south of the Bhabar belt, this is a wet, swampy, and marshy region. The streams and rivers that disappear in the Bhabar zone re-emerge here, creating a damp ecosystem that historically supported thick forests and diverse wildlife.
- C. Bhangar (Matches 3): This represents the largest part of the Northern Plains and consists of older alluvium. These deposits lie above the floodplains of the rivers and present a terrace-like feature. The soil in this region often contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar'.
- D. Khadar (Matches 4): This zone consists of newer, younger deposits found in the floodplains. The soil here is renewed almost every year due to flooding, making it highly fertile and suitable for intensive agriculture.
Conclusion:
- A matches with 1
- B matches with 2
- C matches with 3
- D matches with 4
Key Takeaway
Bhabar is the porous pebble belt where rivers disappear; Terai is the marshy tract where they re-emerge; Bhangar is the old, less fertile alluvium forming terraces; and Khadar is the new, highly fertile alluvium of the floodplains.