The correct option is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Explanation
Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. Interconversion between these states occurs due to changes in temperature and pressure. These transitions are physical changes characterized by specific scientific terms.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. Fusion (Solid to Liquid): Fusion, commonly known as melting, is the process where a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state upon heating. This occurs at the melting point. Therefore, A matches with 2.
- B. Vaporisation (Liquid to Gas): Vaporisation is the phase transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase. This can occur through boiling or evaporation. Therefore, B matches with 3.
- C. Sublimation (Solid to Gas): Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the intermediate liquid state (e.g., Dry ice, Camphor). Therefore, C matches with 1.
- D. Deposition (Gas to Solid): Deposition is the thermodynamic process in which a gas transforms directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase. It is the reverse of sublimation (e.g., Frost formation). Therefore, D matches with 4.
Key Takeaway:
Sublimation involves the direct change from solid to gas, while Deposition is the reverse (gas to solid). Fusion refers to melting (solid to liquid), and Vaporisation refers to the change from liquid to gas.