Correct Option
The correct option is A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
Explanation
The physiography of India is divided into distinct regions based on geological structure and formation processes. These regions exhibit contrasting characteristics, ranging from the ancient, stable Peninsular block to the geologically young and unstable Himalayan mountain system.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Himalayas (Matches 4): The Himalayas are geologically young and structurally folded mountains. They represent an unstable zone characterized by high relief, deep valleys, and flowing rivers, indicating a youthful topography. They are tectonically active.
- B. Northern Plains (Matches 2): These plains are formed by the interplay of the three major river systems-the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra. They are depositional landforms created by the accumulation of vast amounts of alluvial deposits in the depression formed between the Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau.
- C. Peninsular Plateau (Matches 3): This is one of the oldest landmasses on Earth, originally part of Gondwanaland. It constitutes a stable land block composed primarily of ancient igneous and metamorphic rocks (such as granite and gneiss) with gently rising hills and wide valleys.
- D. Purvachal (Matches 1): The Purvachal (Eastern Hills) comprises the eastern extension of the Himalayan system. These hills are composed mostly of strong sedimentary rocks, specifically sandstones, and are covered with dense forests.
Key Takeaway: The Indian landmass displays a geological dichotomy: the Peninsular Plateau is an ancient, stable block of igneous/metamorphic rock, whereas the Himalayas are a young, unstable zone of sedimentary/fold structures with youthful topography.