The correct option is A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
Explanation
Geomorphic agents such as wind, running water, glaciers, and sea waves modify the Earth's surface through exogenic processes. These agents create distinct landforms through mechanisms of erosion (wearing away) and deposition (accumulation of material).
Analysis of Pairs:
- A. Mushroom Rock - Wind Erosion (Matches 4): Mushroom rocks (or rock pedestals) are characteristic erosional landforms in deserts. Wind transports sand grains which act as abrasive tools. Since the concentration of heavier sand grains is higher near the ground, erosion is more intense at the base of the rock than at the top, creating a narrow base and a broad top resembling a mushroom.
- B. Meander - River Erosion/Deposition (Matches 1): Meanders are sinuous bends in a river's course, typically found in the mature and old stages. They are formed by the simultaneous action of lateral erosion on the outer bank (cut bank) and deposition on the inner bank (point bar).
- C. Sea Cave - Sea Wave Erosion (Matches 2): Sea caves are erosional features found on rocky coastlines. The continuous hydraulic action and abrasion by sea waves attack weak zones or cracks in a cliff face, gradually hollowing them out to form caves.
- D. Moraine - Glacial Deposition (Matches 3): Moraines are ridges or mounds of unstratified debris (till) deposited by glaciers. As a glacier moves, it transports rock fragments; when the ice melts or retreats, this material is deposited, forming terminal, lateral, or medial moraines.
Key Takeaway:
Mushroom Rocks are formed by wind erosion; Meanders result from fluvial (river) erosion and deposition; Sea Caves are caused by wave erosion; and Moraines are glacial depositional features.