NCERT Class 10 Science — Chapter 1: Light - Reflection and Refraction

The correct Answer is

A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

Explanation

The question pertains to the fundamental terminology associated with spherical mirrors, which are essential components in optics. Understanding these terms is crucial for analyzing image formation by spherical mirrors.

Statement-wise Analysis

1. A. Centre of curvature: This term refers to the center of the hollow sphere of which the spherical mirror is a part. Therefore, A matches with 4.
2. B. Principal axis: This is a straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror. Therefore, B matches with 1.
3. C. Principal focus: For a spherical mirror, the principal focus is a point on the principal axis where rays of light parallel to the principal axis converge after reflection (for a concave mirror) or appear to diverge from after reflection (for a convex mirror). Therefore, C matches with 2.
4. D. Focal length: This is defined as the distance between the pole and the principal focus of a spherical mirror. Therefore, D matches with 3.

Key Takeaway

The definitions of the centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, and focal length are fundamental to the study of spherical mirrors in optics.