Marble
Explanation
Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks are transformed physically or chemically due to elevated temperature, pressure, and chemically active fluids. This process changes the mineral composition and texture of the parent rock (protolith) without melting it.Analysis of Options:
- Slate: Incorrect. Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock derived from shale or mudstone (sedimentary rocks) through low-grade regional metamorphism.
- Marble: Correct. Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock formed when limestone (a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate) is subjected to heat and pressure. This causes the calcite grains to recrystallize, forming a denser rock.
- Granite: Incorrect. Granite is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling and crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. It is not a product of metamorphism.
- Basalt: Incorrect. Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface.
Key Takeaway: Limestone (sedimentary) transforms into Marble (metamorphic) through the process of thermal or regional metamorphism involving recrystallization.