Correct Option
The correct option is 1727.
Explanation
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the Kachwaha Rajput ruler of Amer, established the city of Jaipur to address the constraints of the hilly terrain of Amer, specifically water scarcity and a growing population. This marked a significant shift in medieval Indian urban planning.
Detailed Analysis
- Foundati The foundation stone of Jaipur was laid on 18 November 1727. Consequently, the capital was shifted from Amer to the newly founded city in this year.
- Architectural Significance: The city was planned by the Bengali architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. It was designed based on the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra, utilizing a grid system (9-square mandala), which was unique for the time.
- Historical Context of Other Dates:
- 1699: The year Sawai Jai Singh II ascended the throne of Amer.
- 1707: The year Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died, leading to a period of political instability which Jai Singh navigated skillfully.
Key Takeaway: Jaipur was founded and established as the new capital in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II, distinguishing itself as one of the first planned cities of medieval India.