The correct option is C.
Explanation
The states of matter are primarily distinguished by the arrangement of particles and the magnitude of their kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature and the degree of freedom of particle motion within a substance.
- Solid: In the solid state, intermolecular forces of attraction are strongest. Particles are closely packed in a fixed lattice and can only vibrate about their mean positions. Consequently, solids possess the lowest kinetic energy among the three primary states of matter.
- Liquid: In the liquid state, intermolecular forces are weaker than in solids, allowing particles to move past one another while remaining in contact. This increased mobility results in a higher level of kinetic energy compared to solids.
- Gas: In the gaseous state, intermolecular forces are negligible. Particles move randomly at high velocities in all directions, occupying all available space. This state represents the highest degree of particle motion and, therefore, the highest kinetic energy.
Key Takeaway: Kinetic energy in matter is determined by the degree of molecular mobility; it increases as the physical state transitions from a rigid structure (Solid) to a fluid state (Liquid) and finally to a state of random, high-speed motion (Gas).