Bhabar
Explanation
The Northern Plains of India are divided into four distinct zones based on variations in relief features: Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, and Khadar. These zones are arranged from north to south, originating from the foothills of the Himalayas.
Analysis of Relief Features:
- Bhabar: This is a narrow belt, approximately 8 to 16 km wide, lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. Rivers descending from the mountains deposit heavy loads of pebbles and rocks in this zone. Due to the high porosity of the rock deposition, streams disappear underground in this belt.
- Terai: Lying south of the Bhabar belt, this is a wet, swampy, and marshy region. The streams and rivers that disappear in the Bhabar zone re-emerge here. It was historically a region of thick forests and wildlife.
- Bhangar: This represents the older alluvium of the Northern Plains. It lies above the flood plains of the rivers and presents a terrace-like feature. The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar'.
- Khadar: These are the newer, younger deposits of the flood plains. They are renewed almost every year, making the soil highly fertile and suitable for intensive agriculture.
Key Takeaway:
The Bhabar is the porous, pebble-ridden zone located immediately at the foot of the Shiwaliks where rivers disappear, distinguishing it from the marshy Terai region to its south where rivers re-emerge.