Correct Option
The correct option isBengal
Explanation
The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1908) was the first major mass movement in the history of Indian nationalism. It was launched specifically as a reaction to the British decision to partition the province of Bengal.
Detailed Analysis
- Epicenter of the Movement: The movement was triggered by the Partition of Bengal (announced in July 1905, effective from October 1905). Consequently, Bengal was the region where the agitation was most intense, widespread, and sustained.
- Nature of Protest in Bengal: The region witnessed massive public meetings, processions, the observance of Raksha Bandhan as a symbol of unity, and the boycott of foreign goods. It saw the participation of students, women, and various social groups on an unprecedented scale.
- Spread to Other Regions: While the movement did spread to other parts of India under the leadership of the Extremists, the intensity varied:
- Bombay and Pune: Led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
- Punjab: Led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh.
- Madras: Led by V.O. Chidambaram Pillai.
- Delhi: Led by Syed Haider Raza.
- Conclusion: Although the movement acquired an all-India character, its origin, primary grievance, and highest density of mobilization remained rooted in Bengal.
Key Takeaway: The Swadeshi Movement was primarily an anti-partition agitation centered in Bengal, which served as the nucleus for the boycott and Swadeshi ideology before spreading to other provinces.