The correct Answer is
About 2 minutes
Explanation
Atmospheric refraction is the phenomenon responsible for various optical effects related to the apparent position of celestial bodies. When light from the Sun enters the Earth's atmosphere, it undergoes refraction due to the varying refractive index of different atmospheric layers. This causes the light rays to bend, making the Sun appear higher in the sky than its actual geometric position.
This phenomenon is particularly noticeable during sunrise and sunset. Due to atmospheric refraction, the Sun becomes visible to an observer on Earth even when it is geometrically below the horizon. Similarly, at sunset, the Sun remains visible for some time after it has geometrically set below the horizon.
The advancement of sunrise and the delay of sunset due to atmospheric refraction are approximately 2 minutes each. This means that the Sun appears about 2 minutes before its actual geometric sunrise and remains visible for about 2 minutes after its actual geometric sunset.
Key Takeaway: Atmospheric refraction causes the Sun to appear approximately 2 minutes before its actual geometric sunrise and remain visible for about 2 minutes after its actual geometric sunset.