The correct option is (b) 2 only.
Explanation
Wheat is a premier cereal crop and a staple food in many parts of the world. In India, it is primarily cultivated as a Rabi (winter) crop, necessitating specific temperate climatic conditions for optimal growth.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Wheat requires a cool growing season rather than high temperatures. The ideal temperature range for sowing and early growth is between 10°C and 15°C. Furthermore, it requires moderate rainfall (50 cm to 75 cm). Heavy rainfall is detrimental to the crop, as it can lead to waterlogging and diseases. High temperature and heavy rainfall are characteristics of Kharif crops like rice.
- Statement 2 is Correct: At the time of ripening and harvesting, wheat requires bright sunshine and slightly warmer temperatures (ideally 21°C to 26°C). This condition is essential for the proper hardening of the grain.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Wheat thrives best in well-drained loamy or clayey-loamy soils. These soils provide the necessary structure and moisture retention required for the crop. Sandy soil, which drains water too quickly and cannot retain moisture, is unsuitable for wheat cultivation.
Key Takeaway: Wheat is a temperate crop that demands a cool climate with moderate rainfall during the vegetative phase and bright, warm sunshine during the harvesting phase. It grows best in well-drained loamy soils.