The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The global distribution of rainfall is governed by factors such as latitude, distance from the sea, prevailing wind direction, ocean currents, and topography. While local variations exist, broad latitudinal and continental patterns can be identified.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: In general, rainfall is highest in the equatorial belt due to high temperatures, high evaporation, and the convergence of trade winds (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone). As one moves from the equator towards the poles, the temperature and the moisture-holding capacity of the air decrease. Consequently, the general trend is a steady decrease in rainfall from the equator towards the poles.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Coastal areas are situated closer to the source of moisture (oceans). Winds blowing from the sea to the land carry abundant moisture, resulting in higher precipitation in coastal regions. In contrast, the interiors of continents are far from the moisture source, a phenomenon known as continentality, and generally receive significantly less rainfall.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The oceans act as the primary source of atmospheric moisture through evaporation. Due to the continuous availability of water and lack of topographic barriers, rainfall is generally greater and more consistent over the oceans than over the landmasses of the world.
Key Takeaway:
Global rainfall generally decreases from the equator to the poles and from coastal areas to the interior of continents. Oceans receive more precipitation than landmasses due to higher evaporation rates.