Correct Option
The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Planetary rotation refers to the time required for a planet to complete one full spin on its axis. This duration determines the length of a day on that planet. Rotation periods vary significantly across the solar system due to factors such as planet size, composition, and formation history.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Mars does not have the shortest rotation period among all planets. Jupiter holds the record for the fastest spin, completing one rotation in approximately 9 hours and 55 minutes. Mars has a rotation period very similar to Earth's, taking about 24 hours and 37 minutes.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Venus has the longest rotation period of any planet in the solar system. It takes approximately 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis. Interestingly, this is longer than its orbital period around the Sun (224.7 Earth days), meaning a day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. Earth takes approximately 24 hours (specifically 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds) to complete one spin on its axis, not 48 hours. This period defines the length of a solar day.
Key Takeaway
Jupiter has the shortest day (fastest rotation) in the solar system, while Venus has the longest day (slowest rotation). Earth's rotation period is approximately 24 hours.