The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial body established by the Constitution of India. It serves as the final court of appeal and the guardian of the Constitution, succeeding the judicial institutions of the colonial era.Statement 1 is Correct: The Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26 January 1950, coinciding with the commencement of the Constitution of India. It was formally inaugurated two days later, on 28 January 1950.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Supreme Court was established to replace the Federal Court of India (established under the Government of India Act, 1935) and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (which was the highest court of appeal in Britain for Indian cases). It did not replace the High Courts of the Presidencies; rather, it became the superior appellate authority over all High Courts in India.
Statement 3 is Correct: For the first few years, the Supreme Court functioned from the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament House, the same venue where the Federal Court of India used to sit. It moved to its present premises on Tilak Marg in 1958.
Key Takeaway: The Supreme Court of India replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, thereby centralizing the Indian judicial system.