The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium through which it propagates, primarily its elasticity and density, as well as physical conditions such as temperature.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The speed of sound in dry air at 0°C is approximately 331 m/s. The value of 500 m/s is factually incorrect.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The speed of sound in air is directly proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases. At a temperature of 22°C, the speed of sound in air is approximately 344 m/s.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Sound travels faster in denser media where particles are closer together, facilitating rapid energy transfer. Consequently, the speed of sound is faster in liquids than in gases. For instance, the speed of sound in water is approximately 1500 m/s, which is significantly higher than in air.
Key Takeaway: The speed of sound generally follows the order Solids > Liquids > Gases. In gases, the speed increases by approximately 0.61 m/s for every 1°C rise in temperature.