The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
Matter in the solid state is characterized by definite mass, volume, and shape. This state arises due to strong intermolecular forces and short intermolecular distances, which keep the constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in fixed positions, allowing them only to oscillate about their mean positions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Solids possess rigidity, meaning they have a tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to an outside force. While solids may break under excessive force, it is difficult to change their shape, confirming their rigid nature.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Solids are characterized by negligible compressibility and high rigidity. Gases are highly compressible, whereas solids are practically incompressible because their constituent particles are closely packed with very little free space between them.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A rubber band is considered a solid. Although it changes shape under force (stretching), it regains its original shape when the force is removed. This property is known as elasticity. If excessive force is applied, the rubber band breaks, but it does not flow like a liquid.
Key Takeaway:
Solids are defined by their rigidity, definite shape, fixed volume, and negligible compressibility. Materials like rubber bands and sponges are solids that exhibit elasticity or contain air pockets, respectively, but they fundamentally retain the structural characteristics of the solid state.