The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The rock cycle is a continuous geological process describing how rocks transition between the three main types-igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic-through various processes such as cooling, weathering, erosion, deposition, lithification, metamorphism, and melting.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Igneous rocks, formed from the cooling of magma or lava, are exposed to surface agents of denudation such as wind, water, and ice. These agents weather and erode the rocks, breaking them down into smaller fragments known as sediments. These sediments eventually form sedimentary rocks.
- Statement 2 is Correct: When pre-existing rocks (igneous or sedimentary) are subjected to intense heat and pressure within the Earth's crust-conditions that do not cause melting but induce physical or chemical changes-they transform into metamorphic rocks. This process is known as metamorphism.
- Statement 3 is Correct: If metamorphic rocks are forced deeper into the Earth where temperatures are sufficiently high, they undergo melting. This melting transforms the rock back into molten magma, which can subsequently cool and crystallize to form new igneous rocks, completing the cycle.
Key Takeaway: The rock cycle is not a one-way process; any rock type can transform into another. Igneous rocks weather into sediments; sedimentary and igneous rocks metamorphose under heat and pressure; and metamorphic rocks melt to regenerate magma.