The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Elements are classified into metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals are typically lustrous, hard, and possess high melting points, whereas non-metals display contrasting characteristics such as brittleness and poor conductivity.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Metals are generally malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into thin wires). Brittleness-the tendency to break or shatter when struck-is a characteristic property of non-metals (e.g., sulfur, carbon).
- Statement 2 is Correct. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. This conductivity arises because metals possess free electrons that move easily throughout the structure. Silver and copper are the best conductors, while lead and mercury are comparatively poor conductors among metals.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Metals are sonorous, meaning they produce a distinct ringing sound when struck by a hard object. This property is why metals are used to manufacture bells and strings for musical instruments.
Key Takeaway
Metals are defined by physical properties such as ductility, malleability, luster, sonority, and high thermal and electrical conductivity, distinguishing them from brittle and non-conductive non-metals.