The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The physical nature of matter is described by the Kinetic Theory of Matter. This theory establishes that matter is not continuous but composed of discrete particles (atoms or molecules) that possess kinetic energy and interact with one another through forces of attraction.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Matter is particulate in nature. This means it consists of tiny, discrete particles rather than being a single continuous mass. Evidence for this includes the dissolution of substances (like sugar in water), where particles of one substance occupy the spaces between particles of another.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The particles of matter are never static; they are in a state of continuous motion. This motion arises because the particles possess kinetic energy. Even in solids, where particles are tightly packed, they vibrate around their fixed positions. In liquids and gases, the motion is more random and extensive (e.g., Brownian motion).
Statement 3 is Correct:
Particles of matter attract each other due to intermolecular forces. These forces of attraction keep the particles together. While the magnitude of this force varies-being strongest in solids and weakest in gases-the attractive force is a fundamental property of matter.
Key Takeaway:
Matter is fundamentally particulate, and its constituent particles are constantly moving and attracting each other. The concept of static particles contradicts the fundamental Kinetic Theory.