The correct option is C.
Explanation
The fundamental properties of subatomic particles—protons and electrons—are defined by their mass, charge, and location within the atomic structure.- Statement 1 is Correct: The mass of a proton is approximately 1.672 × 10-27 kg, while the mass of an electron is approximately 9.109 × 10-31 kg. Consequently, a proton is about 1,836 times (frequently approximated as 2,000 times in early atomic models) heavier than an electron.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While protons and electrons carry opposite types of charges (positive and negative respectively), the magnitude of their charge is exactly the same, being 1.602 × 10-19 Coulombs. The charge of a proton is not "significantly larger" than that of an electron; they are equal in magnitude to maintain electrical neutrality in an atom.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Protons are located within the nucleus and are bound by the strong nuclear force, making them extremely difficult to remove. Electrons, located in the extra-nuclear space (orbitals), are held by electromagnetic forces and can be removed or shared during chemical reactions or through ionization.