Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Peninsular Plateau represents one of the most ancient landmasses on the Earth's surface. It is a stable shield block that was once part of the supercontinent Gondwanaland, distinguishing it geologically from the younger Himalayan mountain system.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Peninsular Plateau is a tableland composed of old crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. It is one of the oldest and most stable landmasses in India, having remained largely unaffected by major tectonic folding since the Precambrian era.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The plateau was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwanaland landmass. The collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate is a relatively recent geological event (Tertiary period) that resulted in the formation of the Himalayas and the subsidence that created the Northern Plains, not the Peninsular Plateau itself.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Due to its ancient origin and prolonged exposure to denudation (weathering and erosion), the plateau features broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. This contrasts with the deep valleys and sharp, conical peaks typical of young fold mountains.
Key Takeaway: The Peninsular Plateau is an ancient, stable block formed by the drifting of Gondwanaland, characterized by old crystalline rocks and eroded relief, whereas the Himalayas are young fold mountains formed by recent tectonic collision.