Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air column at a specific place. Differences in atmospheric pressure, primarily caused by differential heating of the Earth's surface, drive the movement of air. This movement attempts to balance pressure inequalities.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The primary force driving air movement is the pressure gradient force. Air naturally flows from areas of high pressure (where air is sinking or dense) to areas of low pressure (where air is rising or less dense) to establish equilibrium.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The horizontal movement of air is defined as wind. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor or moisture present in the air, not its movement.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Temperature and pressure are inversely related in terms of air density. Cold air is denser and heavier than warm air. Consequently, it tends to sink (subside), pressing down on the Earth's surface and creating a high-pressure area. Conversely, warm air expands, becomes lighter, and rises, creating low pressure.
Key Takeaway
Wind is the horizontal movement of air caused by pressure differences, flowing from High Pressure to Low Pressure. High pressure is typically associated with cold, sinking air, while low pressure is associated with warm, rising air.