Correct Option
The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is a distinct physiographic and climatic region within the Indian subcontinent. Its classification is based on its latitudinal extent, which determines its climatic zone (sub-tropical) and associated natural vegetation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. While the basin experiences a monsoon climate, geographically, the region situated between 10°N and 30°N is classified as the sub-tropical region. The tropical region is typically defined as the area closer to the equator (e.g., the Amazon basin).
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is situated specifically between 10°N and 30°N latitudes. This latitudinal range places it in the sub-tropical high-pressure belt, distinct from the equatorial tropical belt.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The basin does not cover the entire Indian subcontinent. The Indian subcontinent includes other vast physiographic divisions such as the Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains, the Thar Desert, and the Himalayas proper. The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is primarily associated with the Northern Plains.
Key Takeaway
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is located in the sub-tropical region (10°N to 30°N latitudes), distinguishing it from the equatorial tropical regions like the Amazon basin.