The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The relationship between plants and animals in an ecosystem is sustained through the cycling of matter, specifically the exchange of atmospheric gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide). This process is integral to the Carbon and Oxygen cycles, ensuring the balance of the biosphere.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Plants perform photosynthesis, a process in which they absorb carbon dioxide and water to synthesize carbohydrates. A critical by-product of this reaction is oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the assertion that plants do not produce oxygen is factually wrong.
Statement 2 is Correct:
Animals conduct cellular respiration to release energy from food. This metabolic process consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. Plants subsequently utilize this carbon dioxide as a primary raw material for photosynthesis.
Statement 3 is Correct:
This reciprocal exchange of gases highlights the fundamental interdependence between biotic components. Plants rely on the carbon dioxide released by animals (and other sources), while animals rely on the oxygen generated by plants, thereby maintaining ecological stability.
Key Takeaway:
Plants and animals are ecologically interdependent through the Carbon-Oxygen cycle: plants act as oxygen sources and carbon dioxide sinks, while animals act as oxygen sinks and carbon dioxide sources.