Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The planets of the solar system are classified into two distinct groups based on their location relative to the asteroid belt and their physical composition: Inner Planets (Terrestrial) and Outer Planets (Jovian).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Inner Planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are situated between the Sun and the belt of asteroids. Consequently, they are located very close to the Sun compared to the planets beyond the asteroid belt.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Inner Planets are referred to as Terrestrial planets because they are composed primarily of rocks and metals, resulting in high densities and solid surfaces. It is the Outer Planets (Jovian planets) that are predominantly made up of gases (such as hydrogen and helium) and liquids.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The group of Inner Planets consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are classified as Outer Planets or Jovian planets.
Key Takeaway: Inner Planets are rocky, dense, and located inside the asteroid belt, whereas Outer Planets are large, gaseous or icy giants located beyond the asteroid belt.