The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Rajasthani Schools of painting (Rajput paintings) evolved from the Western Indian style (Apabhramsha) but were significantly influenced by the Mughal School during the 16th and 17th centuries. The degree of this influence varied across different states depending on their political relations and geographical proximity to the Mughal court.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Jaipur School (originally the Amer style) had the closest affinity with the Mughal style. The rulers of Amer (Jaipur) were among the first to establish matrimonial and political alliances with the Mughals. Consequently, their paintings absorbed strong Mughal aesthetics, including naturalism, refined portraiture, and the use of shading, distinct from the flatter indigenous styles.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Jodhpur School (Marwar) did not completely abandon its indigenous style. While it incorporated certain Mughal elements (such as court scenes, costumes, and turban styles) during the 17th century, it retained its core indigenous characteristics, such as bold lines, glowing colors, and a vigorous, folkish vitality. The assertion that it "completely abandoned" its style is historically inaccurate.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: While the Malwa School is generally known for being conservative and resisting Mughal influence in its miniature paintings, the murals at Datia (located in the Bundelkhand region, often studied alongside or near Malwa) do show Mughal influence. The ruler of Datia, Bir Singh Deo, had close relations with Emperor Jahangir. Consequently, the wall paintings in the Datia palaces reflect Mughal impact in terms of costumes and courtly etiquette, contradicting the claim of a "complete absence" of influence.
Key Takeaway:
The Jaipur (Amer) School reflects the highest degree of Mughal influence due to close political ties, whereas other schools like Jodhpur and Malwa retained significant indigenous folk elements despite varying levels of Mughal interaction.