The correct option is (d).
Explanation
The Himalayan mountain system consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. The range lying to the south of the Great Himalayas (Himadri) is known as the Himachal or Lesser Himalaya. It forms the most rugged mountain system within the Himalayas.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The ranges of the Lesser Himalaya are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. This geological composition distinguishes them from the loosely consolidated sediments of the Shiwaliks and the crystalline core of the Himadri.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The altitude of this range varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres, and the average width is approximately 50 km.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range within the Lesser Himalayas. Other prominent ranges in this section include the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges.
- Statement 4 is Correct: This region is famous for its scenic valleys. It consists of the famous Valley of Kashmir (situated between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal), as well as the Kangra and Kullu Valleys in Himachal Pradesh. This region is also well known for its hill stations.
Key Takeaway:
The Lesser Himalaya (Himachal) is characterized by compressed rocks, an altitude of 3,700–4,500 m, prominent ranges like the Pir Panjal, and famous valleys such as Kashmir, Kangra, and Kullu.