Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Heart rate refers to the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions (beats) of the heart per minute (bpm). It is a vital sign used to assess cardiovascular health and function. The pulse is the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by trained fingertips.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Heart rate is defined as the frequency of the heart's contractions, typically measured as the number of beats per minute (bpm). A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The pulse is the rhythmic dilation of an artery generated by the pumping action of the heart. Since every heartbeat creates a pulse wave that travels through the arteries, the pulse rate is equal to the heart rate in a healthy individual. They are not different values, and the heart rate is not higher than the pulse rate.
- Statement 3 is Correct: During physical activities such as running, the body's muscles require more oxygen and nutrients to function. To meet this increased metabolic demand, the heart pumps blood more vigorously and rapidly, resulting in an increased heart rate.
Key Takeaway
Heart rate and pulse rate are numerically identical in healthy individuals, as the pulse is the direct result of the heart beating. Physical exertion invariably increases the heart rate to supply oxygen to active tissues.