The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature, meaning they are present almost everywhere on Earth. Their distribution spans diverse ecosystems, ranging from hospitable environments to extreme conditions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Microorganisms are found in air, water, and soil, but they are also abundantly present inside the bodies of animals, including humans. For instance, the human gut harbors a vast population of bacteria essential for digestion and immunity.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Microorganisms exhibit diverse modes of existence. Some, like Amoeba, can live alone (freely), while others, such as fungi and bacteria, may live in colonies or grow on other organisms as parasites or symbionts.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Microorganisms possess high adaptability and can survive in all types of environments. This includes extreme habitats such as ice-cold climates, hot springs, deserts, and marshy lands.
Key Takeaway:
Microorganisms are cosmopolitan organisms capable of surviving in air, water, soil, inside living bodies, and in extreme environmental conditions like thermal vents and polar ice caps.