Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The physical states of matter-solid, liquid, and gas-are defined by the arrangement of their constituent particles, the strength of intermolecular forces, and the kinetic energy associated with particle movement.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Gases are highly compressible, not incompressible. Due to the large intermolecular spaces between particles, gases can be compressed significantly under pressure (e.g., Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG). In contrast, solids are practically incompressible because their particles are closely packed.
- Statement 2 is Correct: In the gaseous state, the forces of attraction between particles are negligible. As a result, particles possess high kinetic energy and move randomly at high speeds in all directions. This continuous motion causes particles to collide with one another and the walls of the container.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The space between constituent particles is maximum in gases and minimum in solids. This large spacing allows gases to diffuse readily and occupy the entire volume of their container.
Key Takeaway
Gases are characterized by maximum intermolecular spacing, high compressibility, and random particle motion, distinguishing them from the rigid structure of solids and the fluid nature of liquids.