The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is formed by the interaction of the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. It is characterized by extensive alluvial plains, a monsoon climate, and abundant water resources, creating an environment highly conducive to human settlement.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The plains of the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin are among the most densely populated regions in the world. The flat terrain, availability of water, and productive land support a very high concentration of people, contrary to the claim of low population density.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The basin consists primarily of alluvial soil, which is deposited by the river systems. This soil is renewed annually by floods and is extremely fertile, making it ideal for intensive cultivation.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Due to the fertile soil and abundant water supply, agriculture is the primary economic activity and main occupation of the people in the plains. Major crops include paddy (rice), wheat, maize, sorghum, and cash crops like sugarcane and jute.
Key Takeaway: The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is defined by its fertile alluvial soil, which supports intensive agriculture and, consequently, sustains one of the highest population densities globally.