The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Matter is composed of tiny particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) that exert attractive forces on one another. These intermolecular forces are responsible for holding the particles together and determining the physical state of the substance.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The force of attraction between particles is strongest in solids and weakest in gases. In solids, strong attractive forces keep particles closely packed in fixed positions, resulting in a definite shape and volume. In gases, the forces are negligible, allowing particles to move freely and fill the container.
Statement 2 is Correct:
The force of attraction is the fundamental binding mechanism that keeps the particles of matter together. It prevents the particles from scattering completely, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of solids and liquids.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
The strength of this force is not identical for all kinds of matter; it varies significantly depending on the nature of the substance. For instance, the force of attraction is very strong in an iron nail, weaker in a piece of chalk, and extremely weak in oxygen gas.
Key Takeaway:
The order of strength of intermolecular forces of attraction among the states of matter is: Solids > Liquids > Gases.