The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in India after rice. It is primarily a Rabi crop that requires specific climatic conditions, including a cool growing season and bright sunshine during ripening, making it predominant in the north and north-western zones of the country.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Wheat is sown in the winter season (October to December) and harvested in the summer (April to June). Therefore, it is grown during the winter months.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Wheat requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It needs 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. Heavy rainfall at the time of harvest is detrimental to the crop, as it can cause grain damage and lodging (falling over of plants).
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Wheat is a major crop in the North and North-Western parts of India. The primary wheat-producing states include Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Bihar. It is not a major crop in the southern states because they lack the distinct, prolonged cool winter season required for optimal wheat cultivation.
Key Takeaway: Wheat is a Rabi crop that requires a cool climate during the vegetative phase, bright sunshine during ripening, and moderate rainfall (50–75 cm). It is primarily cultivated in the North and North-Western regions of India.