The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The concept of the 'Rule of Law' is a foundational pillar of the Indian Constitution, largely derived from A.V. Dicey’s theory. It signifies the supremacy of law, equality before the law, and the absence of arbitrary power, ensuring that the government functions according to established legal principles.- Statement 1 is Correct: A core element of the Rule of Law is equality before the law. This implies that every person, regardless of rank or position, is subject to the ordinary laws of the land and the jurisdiction of ordinary courts. No individual is above the law.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Rule of Law stands in direct opposition to arbitrary power. It requires that legal procedures be established, fair, and applied uniformly. Allowing the government to arbitrarily alter legal procedures for specific individuals would violate the principles of equality and legal certainty (Article 14).
- Statement 3 is Correct: An independent judiciary is indispensable for the Rule of Law. The judiciary acts as the guardian of the Constitution, ensuring that the executive and legislature act within their constitutional limits and enforcing the law impartially without political interference.
Key Takeaway: The Rule of Law guarantees the supremacy of law and equality before the law, preventing the exercise of arbitrary power. These principles are upheld by an independent judiciary, which is part of the Basic Structure of the Constitution.