The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is situated in the subtropical region, roughly between 10°N and 30°N latitudes. The geographical and climatic conditions of this basin significantly influence its demography and landforms.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The basin is dominated by a Monsoon climate, characterized by hot summers, cool winters, and heavy rainfall primarily from mid-June to mid-September. The Mediterranean climate, known for winter rains, is not found in this region.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Topography plays a crucial role in population distribution. The mountain areas have steep slopes and rugged terrain, making them inhospitable. Conversely, the plain areas offer flat, fertile land suitable for agriculture and infrastructure, leading to a much higher population density.
- Statement 3 is Correct: In the plain areas, the rivers flow slowly and form meanders. Over time, these meanders are cut off from the main stream to form ox-bow lakes, which are a common geomorphological feature of the basin.
Key Takeaway:
The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is defined by a Monsoon climate, high population density in the plains due to arable land, and the presence of fluvial landforms such as ox-bow lakes.