The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The passage of an electric current through a conducting liquid (electrolyte) causes chemical reactions. This phenomenon is known as the chemical effect of electric current. The specific effects observed depend on the nature of the solution and the electrodes used.
- Statement 1 is correct: Electroplating is the process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity. During this process, metal ions from the electrolyte are reduced and deposited at the cathode. Since this involves a chemical change driven by electricity, it is a primary application of the chemical effect of electric current.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen when an electric current is passed through it is called electrolysis. This is a chemical reaction where electrical energy breaks chemical bonds. Therefore, it is an application of the chemical effect of electricity. The heating effect of electric current (Joule heating) refers to the generation of heat due to the resistance of a conductor, which is utilized in appliances like electric irons and heaters.
Key Takeaway: The chemical effect of electric current results in chemical changes such as the dissociation of ions (electrolysis) and metal deposition (electroplating). The heating effect results in the rise of temperature due to resistance.