Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Matter is composed of tiny particles that possess mass and occupy space. The physical nature of matter is governed by the arrangement, movement (kinetic energy), and forces of attraction between these constituent particles.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Particles of matter attract each other due to intermolecular forces. This force keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of attraction varies depending on the state of matter; it is strongest in solids, intermediate in liquids, and negligible in gases.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Particles of matter are never completely stationary; they possess kinetic energy. In solids, although the particles are closely packed and held in fixed positions by strong attractive forces, they vibrate about their mean positions. They do not move freely like particles in liquids or gases, but they are not static.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Particles of matter have spaces between them, known as intermolecular spaces. This characteristic allows particles of one type of matter to get into the spaces between particles of another, such as when salt dissolves in water.
Key Takeaway: The three fundamental characteristics of particles of matter are: they have spaces between them, they are continuously moving (vibrating in solids, translating in fluids), and they attract each other.