Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Combustion is a chemical process wherein a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light. The visible characteristic of combustion-whether it produces a flame or merely a glow-depends on the volatility of the substance during the burning process.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Magnesium is a reactive metal that burns in the presence of oxygen with a characteristic dazzling white flame. This exothermic reaction results in the formation of magnesium oxide (MgO) ash, along with the emission of heat and light.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Charcoal, which is primarily carbon, burns in air to react with atmospheric oxygen. This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, heat, and light. It consumes oxygen during the process rather than producing it.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A flame is produced only by substances that vaporize during burning. Magnesium vaporizes due to the heat and burns with a distinct flame. In contrast, charcoal does not vaporize; it burns with a red glow but does not produce a flame.
Key Takeaway: Only substances that vaporize during combustion (e.g., wax, magnesium) generate a flame. Non-volatile substances (e.g., charcoal) burn with a glow without a flame.