The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Sugarcane is a long-duration, water-intensive cash crop primarily cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Its growth and yield are heavily influenced by climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and water availability.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Sugarcane thrives in a hot and humid climate. Ideally, it requires a temperature range of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm. High humidity is beneficial during the vegetative growth phase as it promotes rapid cane elongation.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Sugarcane is not exclusively a temperate crop; it is fundamentally a tropical and subtropical crop. While it is grown in subtropical latitudes (such as the Indo-Gangetic plains), it performs best in tropical climates where the crushing season is longer and the maritime influence helps maintain high sugar recovery.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Due to its high water requirement and long growing season (often 10 to 18 months), sugarcane cannot survive on low rainfall alone. In regions where rainfall is below the required threshold (less than 75-100 cm) or is erratic, irrigation is essential to ensure crop survival and productivity.
Key Takeaway: Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical crop that demands a hot, humid climate (21°C-27°C) and substantial water (75-100 cm rainfall); irrigation is mandatory in low-rainfall zones.