The correct option is Both 1 and 2.
Explanation
Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm formation in the male reproductive system. This process begins at puberty and is strictly regulated by the endocrine system, specifically the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis involving Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropins.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) acts on the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) located in the testes. This stimulation triggers the synthesis and secretion of androgens, primarily testosterone. These androgens are critical for stimulating the process of spermatogenesis and maintaining male secondary sexual characteristics.
Statement 2 is Correct:
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules. This stimulation prompts the secretion of specific factors (such as Androgen Binding Protein) that are essential for spermiogenesis (the differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa). Furthermore, the androgens produced by Leydig cells work in conjunction with FSH to regulate and maintain the entire process of spermatogenesis.
Key Takeaway:
LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce androgens; FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to assist in spermiogenesis. Both hormones and androgens are required for the regulation of spermatogenesis.