The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Seismic waves are the energy waves generated by earthquakes that travel through the Earth's layers. They are broadly classified into two categories: Body Waves (which travel through the Earth's interior) and Surface Waves (which travel along the Earth's surface).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
P waves (Primary waves) are classified as Body Waves, not surface waves. They travel through the interior of the Earth and are the fastest seismic waves. They are longitudinal in nature, meaning particles oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. - Statement 2 is Correct.
S waves (Secondary waves) are also Body Waves, but they are characterized by particle motion that is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Due to this motion, they are technically defined as transverse waves or shear waves. - Statement 3 is Correct.
L waves (Love waves) are a specific type of Surface Wave. Unlike body waves, surface waves are restricted to the Earth's crust and are responsible for the most destruction during an earthquake. L waves cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake.
Key Takeaway
Body Waves include P waves (Longitudinal) and S waves (Transverse). Surface Waves include L waves (Love) and Rayleigh waves, which are slower but more destructive.