The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Root hairs are microscopic, tubular extensions of the epidermal cells of a root. They are essential structures that facilitate the interaction between the plant root system and the soil environment.
- Statement 1 is correct: Root hairs are present on the roots of plants. They specifically arise from the region of maturation (also known as the zone of differentiation) on the root tip. They are unicellular elongations of the epiblema (root epidermis) cells.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The primary physiological function of root hairs is to increase the surface area of the root system. By extending outwards into the soil, they maximize the contact area with soil particles and the soil solution. They do not decrease surface area; their structure is specifically adapted to enhance absorption capacity.
- Statement 3 is correct: Root hairs absorb water and mineral nutrients dissolved in the soil water. The thin, permeable cell walls of root hairs allow water to enter via osmosis and minerals to be taken up through diffusion or active transport mechanisms.
Key Takeaway: Root hairs are unicellular extensions of the root epidermis designed to significantly increase the surface area for the efficient absorption of water and minerals.