The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Ragamala paintings (meaning "Garland of Ragas") are a distinct genre of Indian miniature paintings that emerged in the medieval period. They represent a synthesis of art, poetry, and classical music, providing pictorial interpretations of Indian musical modes (Ragas) to evoke specific moods (Rasas).
Statement 1 is Correct:
Ragamala paintings are pictorial interpretations of Ragas and Raginis. The artist visualizes the musical mode by personifying it as a deity, a nayaka (hero), or a nayika (heroine) in a specific setting, often accompanied by a verse describing the mood, season, and time of day associated with the melody.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The classification system in Ragamala paintings is typically patriarchal. Each family is headed by a principal male Raga, not a female Ragini. Each male Raga is traditionally ascribed five or six female consorts known as Raginis. Some systems also include sons (Ragaputras) and daughters-in-law. The statement incorrectly reverses the gender roles.
Statement 3 is Correct:
While different classification systems exist (such as the Hanuman or Someshwara systems), the most widely accepted list of the six principal Ragas in the Rajasthani tradition includes Bhairava, Malkos (Malkauns), Hindol, Dipak, Megha, and Shri. These six Ragas form the foundation of the Ragamala family structure.
Key Takeaway:
Ragamala paintings illustrate the personification of musical modes. The standard hierarchy consists of six main male Ragas, each associated with multiple female Raginis (wives), symbolizing the union of melody and emotion.