The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Population change refers to the variation in the number of inhabitants of a territory during a specific period. It serves as a significant demographic indicator reflecting the socio-economic and historical dynamics of a region.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Population change is widely accepted as an indicator of economic development, social upliftment, and the historical and cultural background of a region. Historical factors often dictate settlement patterns and long-term demographic trends.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: A decrease in population between two points of time is technically termed Negative Growth of Population. This occurs when the birth rate falls below the death rate or due to significant out-migration. The term "induced growth" generally refers to population changes caused by migration (inflow or outflow) rather than biological factors, but it is not the definition of a population decrease.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Natural Growth of Population is the population increase determined by the difference between births and deaths in a particular region between two points of time. Consequently, the Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CDR) are the essential components required to calculate it.
Formula: Natural Growth = Births - Deaths
Key Takeaway: Natural Growth considers only births and deaths, whereas Actual Growth includes the net effect of migration (In-migration minus Out-migration) alongside natural increase.