The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Pipelines are a specialized mode of transport used primarily for moving liquids and gases (such as water, petroleum, and natural gas) over long distances. They are also capable of transporting solids when converted into a semi-liquid state known as slurry.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline, commissioned in 1986, is recognized as India's first cross-country gas pipeline. While earlier pipelines existed for crude oil (such as the Naharkatiya-Nunmati-Barauni pipeline constructed in 1962), the HVJ pipeline represented a major milestone in connecting western gas sources with northern markets, often distinguishing it in exam contexts as the first major cross-country network.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Pipelines are not restricted to liquids and gases. Solids can be transported through pipelines after being converted into slurry (a mixture of pulverized solid and liquid). A prominent example in India is the pipeline transporting iron ore in slurry form from Kudremukh to Mangalore.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The HVJ pipeline initially spanned approximately 1,700 km. Since its inception, India's National Gas Grid has expanded significantly. The current authorized and operational gas pipeline network exceeds 33,000 km, which is a growth of more than tenfold compared to the initial length of the HVJ line.
Key Takeaway:
Pipelines can transport solids in the form of slurry. The HVJ pipeline was India's first major cross-country gas pipeline, and the national gas grid has since undergone exponential expansion.