The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Organic farming is an agricultural system that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles adapted to local conditions. It emphasizes the use of on-farm inputs and management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological balance, strictly excluding synthetic inputs.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Chemical fertilizers are not used in organic farming. Instead, it relies on organic inputs such as green manure, compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control to maintain soil fertility and manage pests.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Organic farming standards strictly prohibit the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) or transgenic crops. The system focuses on maintaining genetic diversity through natural means.
- Statement 3 is Correct. By definition, organic farming is a method where synthetic chemical inputs (such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, livestock feed additives, and growth regulators) are avoided. It uses organic manure and natural pesticides "instead of chemicals".
Key Takeaway
Organic Farming is characterized by the exclusion of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and GMOs, relying instead on organic manure, crop rotation, and biological cycles to sustain agricultural productivity.