The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The Green Revolution in India, initiated in the late 1960s, marked a shift from traditional agricultural practices to Modern Farming Methods. This transition primarily involved the introduction of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, which altered the combination of factors of production (land, labor, and capital) required for agriculture.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
Unlike traditional seeds, High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are highly water-intensive. They require plenty of water and assured irrigation facilities to function effectively. Traditional seeds were relatively more resilient to water scarcity and relied largely on monsoon rainfall. - Statement 2 is Correct.
HYV seeds are designed to produce larger amounts of grain on a single plant, but this high productivity is conditional. They require an optimal combination of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce the best results. Without these specific chemical inputs, the yield from HYV seeds may not surpass that of traditional seeds. - Statement 3 is Correct.
The adoption of modern farming methods required substantial capital investment and assured irrigation. Consequently, farmers in Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first in India to adopt these methods, leveraging the existing canal irrigation systems and relatively better economic resources in these regions.
Key Takeaway:
Modern farming methods associated with the Green Revolution rely on a specific package of inputs: HYV seeds, heavy irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides. This package was first successfully implemented in the northwestern states of India.